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Birth defects associated with smoking during pregnancy [24] Defect Odds ratio; cardiovascular/heart defects: 1.09 musculoskeletal defect: 1.16 limb reduction defects: 1.26 missing/extra digits: 1.18 clubfoot: 1.28 craniosynostosis: 1.33 facial defects: 1.19 eye defects: 1.25 orofacial clefts: 1.28 gastrointestinal defects: 1.27 gastroschisis: 1 ...
Birth defects may result from genetic or chromosomal disorders, exposure to certain medications or chemicals, or certain infections during pregnancy. [4] Risk factors include folate deficiency, drinking alcohol or smoking during pregnancy, poorly controlled diabetes, and a mother over the age of 35 years old.
Cannabis use during pregnancy should be avoided. [80] There is no known safe dose of cannabis while pregnant and use of cannabis may lead to birth defects, pre-term birth, or low birth weight. [80] Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), an active ingredient in cannabis, can both cross the placenta and accumulates in high concentrations in breast milk. [81]
Smoking while pregnant can cause great harm to an unborn child. Nicotine and numerous other drugs travel through the mom's blood stream and directly to the child which can increase the baby's ...
It's been known that smoking while pregnant can harm babies, and now researchers in England believe they've been able to show the effects using ultrasound scans. Researchers at Lancaster and ...
This is a shortened version of the eleventh chapter of the ICD-9: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium. It covers ICD codes 630 to 679 . The full chapter can be found on pages 355 to 378 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9.
Alcohol: Use during pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. [67] Tobacco use: During pregnancy, causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. [68] Also, it increases the odds of the baby being born prematurely by 30%. [69]
Tobacco smoking during pregnancy can cause a wide range of behavioral, neurological, and physical difficulties. [112] Smoking during pregnancy causes twice the risk of premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption and placenta previa. [113] Smoking is associated with 30% higher odds of preterm birth. [114]