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Intracellular bacteria are bacteria that have the capability to enter and survive within the cells of the host organism. [1] These bacteria include many different pathogens that live in the cytoplasm and nuclei of the host cell's they inhabit. Two examples of intracellular pathogenic bacteria are Mycobacterium tuberculosis and also Toxoplasma ...
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), also called Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, is a microbial complex of three Mycobacterium species (i.e. M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. chimaera). [6] It causes Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection. [7] [8] Some sources also include Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). [9]
Intracellular digestion can also refer to the process in which animals that lack a digestive tract bring food items into the cell for the purposes of digestion for nutritional needs. This kind of intracellular digestion occurs in many unicellular protozoans, in Pycnogonida , in some molluscs , Cnidaria and Porifera .
Phagocytosis (from Ancient Greek φαγεῖν (phagein) 'to eat' and κύτος (kytos) 'cell') is the process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle (≥ 0.5 μm), giving rise to an internal compartment called the phagosome. It is one type of endocytosis. A cell that performs phagocytosis is called a phagocyte.
The process of paracytophagy [1] was first described as a crucial step during cell-to-cell spread of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, and is also commonly observed in Shigella flexneri. Paracytophagy allows these intracellular pathogens to spread directly from cell to cell, thus escaping immune detection and destruction.
Several human activities have led to the emergence of zoonotic human pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and rickettsia, [105] and spread of vector-borne diseases, [104] see also globalization and disease and wildlife disease: Encroachment on wildlife habitats. The construction of new villages and housing developments in rural ...
Without this process in place, the pathogen may not survive long enough in the vector to properly replicate and infect other hosts. [20] R. rickettsii is an obligate intracellular alpha proteobacterium that belongs to the Rickettsiacaea family. Within the Rickettsia species, these bacteria are divided into four clades.
There is hope among some humans that the therapeutic enzymatic degradation of the signaling molecules will be possible when treating illness caused by biofilms, and prevent the formation of such biofilms and possibly weaken established biofilms. Disrupting the signaling process in this way is called quorum sensing inhibition. [41]