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The primary causes include post-cataract surgery, certain medications, and, less commonly, neurological or ophthalmological conditions. Post-cataract surgery is a common cause, as replacing the natural lens with a synthetic one increases exposure to blue light, leading to temporary blue-tinted vision. This effect usually resolves as the eye adapts.
Blue light, a type of high-energy light, is part of the visible light spectrum. High-energy visible light (HEV light) is short-wave light in the violet/blue band from 400 to 450 nm in the visible spectrum, which has a number of purported negative biological effects, namely on circadian rhythm and retinal health (blue-light hazard), which can lead to age-related macular degeneration.
Cataract surgery and IOL implantation have the safest and highest success rates of any eye care-related procedures. As with any type of surgery, however, some level of risk remains. [7] Most complications of cataract surgery do not result in long-term visual impairment, but some severe complications can lead to irreversible blindness. [92]
A Cochrane Review found little evidence of important differences between blue‐light filtering and non‐blue‐light filtering lenses for protecting the macula (back of the eye) after cataract surgery. [27] This may have been due to studies being too small and too short‐term to provide reliable results.
Blue light is absorbed by the structural proteins, enzymes, and protein metabolites found in the lens. [9] The absorption of blue light creates yellow pigments in the lens's protein. The lens progressively darkens and turns yellow. [9] Blue light is absorbed by the lens, preventing blue light from reaching the retina at the back of the eye. [12]
Posterior capsular opacification, also known as after-cataract, is a condition in which months or years after successful cataract surgery, vision deteriorates or problems with glare and light scattering recur, usually due to thickening of the back or posterior capsule surrounding the implanted lens, so-called 'posterior lens capsule opacification'.
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The pressure in the eye can be maintained at the desired level by using an anterior chamber maintainer, or may be allowed to drop to ambient atmospheric pressure. Larger well-structured tunnels and larger capsulorhexis are acceptable to allow better control of the surgery. [15] Various methods may be used:
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