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The Xiabuzan (Chinese: 下部讚 [1]) is a Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll found by British archaeologist Aurel Stein in the Mogao Grottoes. It contains a series of hymns used in religious ceremonies. It is currently held at the British Library, where it is catalogued as number S.2659. [2] [3]
In the same year, French Sinologists Shawan and Perch and translated the scripture into French and considered them as Manichaean scripture. [2] The manuscript is in scrolls, with an incomplete head. It currently has 345 lines and approximately 7,000 characters. It is currently the only Chinese Manichean classic in China.
Manichaeism presents an elaborate conflict between the spiritual world of light and the material world of darkness. The beings of both the world of darkness and the world of light have names. There are numerous sources for the details of the Manichaean belief [example needed].
Manichaean scripture includes nine main books: the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, all personally written by Mani in Syriac, the Shabuhragan written by Mani in Middle Persian, and the Arzhang, a series of illustrations painted by Mani. The Kephalaia are not scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture ...
Chinese Manichaeism, also known as Monijiao (Chinese: 摩尼教; pinyin: Móníjiào; Wade–Giles: Mo 2-ni 2 Chiao 4; lit. 'religion of Moni') or Mingjiao (Chinese: 明教; pinyin: Míngjiào; Wade–Giles: Ming 2-Chiao 4; lit. 'religion of light or 'bright religion'), is the form of Manichaeism transmitted to and currently practiced in China.
Besides that, Manichaean spelling was less conservative or historical and corresponded closer to contemporary pronunciation: e.g. a word such as āzād "noble, free" was written ʼčʼt in Pahlavi, but ʼʼzʼd in Manichaean Middle Persian of the same period. Manichaean script was not the only script used to render Manichaean manuscripts.
Zsuzsanna Gulácsi states in her article A Visual Sermon on Mani's Teaching of Salvation: . The Manichaean origin of this Chinese painting is unquestionable for three principal reasons: its dedicatory inscription that bestowed the object on a Chinese Manichaean temple most likely at Ningbo, in Zhejiang province; the iconography of its main deity, Mani, as well as that of the elect (Manichaean ...
The Dunhuang Manichaean texts refers to three Manichaean manuscripts of the Tang dynasty found in the Buddhist scripture cave of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang. [1] Chinese Manichaean hymn scroll; Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism; Manichaean Compendium; Irk Bitig a Turkic divination text written in the Old Turkic script.