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The check digit is computed as follows: Drop the check digit from the number (if it's already present). This leaves the payload. Start with the payload digits. Moving from right to left, double every second digit, starting from the last digit. If doubling a digit results in a value > 9, subtract 9 from it (or sum its digits).
Add the digits (up to but not including the check digit) in the even-numbered positions (second, fourth, sixth, etc.) to the result. Take the remainder of the result divided by 10 (i.e. the modulo 10 operation). If the remainder is equal to 0 then use 0 as the check digit, and if not 0 subtract the remainder from 10 to derive the check digit.
The Luhn mod N algorithm generates a check digit (more precisely, a check character) within the same range of valid characters as the input string. For example, if the algorithm is applied to a string of lower-case letters (a to z), the check character will also be a lower-case letter. Apart from this distinction, it resembles very closely the ...
The validity of a digit sequence containing a check digit is defined over a quasigroup. A quasigroup table ready for use can be taken from Damm's dissertation (pages 98, 106, 111). [3] It is useful if each main diagonal entry is 0, [1] because it simplifies the check digit calculation.
At whatever position x that digit b – 1 falls, there must be at least b – 1 instances of digit x in m. Therefore, we have at least one instance of the digit 1, and b – 1 instances of x. If x > 1, then m has more than b digits, leading to a contradiction of our initial statement. And if x = 0 or 1, that also leads to a contradiction.
Furthermore, it is clear that even-digits with greater than or equal to 8, [10] and with 9 digit, [11] or odd-digits with greater than or equal to 15 digits [12] have multiple solutions. Although 11-digit and 13-digit numbers have only one solution, it forms a loop of five numbers and a loop of two numbers, respectively. [13]
If the last digit is 0. 110 (The original number) 11 0 (Take the last digit of the number, and check if it is 0 or 5) 11 0 (If it is 0, take the remaining digits, discarding the last) 11 × 2 = 22 (Multiply the result by 2) 110 ÷ 5 = 22 (The result is the same as the original number divided by 5) If the last digit is 5. 85 (The original number)
In chemistry, the last digit of the CAS registry number (a unique identifying number for each chemical compound) is a check digit, which is calculated by taking the last digit of the first two parts of the CAS registry number times 1, the previous digit times 2, the previous digit times 3 etc., adding all these up and computing the sum modulo 10.