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  2. Checker shadow illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checker_shadow_illusion

    The image depicts a checkerboard with light and dark squares, partly shadowed by another object. The optical illusion is that the area labeled A appears to be a darker color than the area labeled B. However, within the context of the two-dimensional image, they are of identical brightness, i.e., they would be printed with identical mixtures of ...

  3. Optical illusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion

    A classical example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immersed in water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged). [4] An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage. [4]

  4. Entoptic phenomenon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoptic_phenomenon

    To see it, one must be in a dark room, with one eye closed; one must look straight ahead while moving a light back and forth in the field of the open eye. Then one should see the sixth Purkinje as a dimmer image moving in the opposite direction. The Purkinje tree is an image of the retinal blood vessels in one's own eye, first described by ...

  5. Contrast (vision) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrast_(vision)

    Brightening an image increases contrast in darker areas but decreases it in brighter areas; conversely, darkening the image will have the opposite effect. Bleach bypass reduces contrast in the darkest and brightest parts of an image while enhancing luminance contrast in areas of intermediate brightness.

  6. Helmholtz–Kohlrausch effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz–Kohlrausch_effect

    In other words, the object can look lighter or darker depending on what is around it. In addition, the brightness can also appear different depending on the color of the object. For example, an object of a grayer color than the exact same object, but this time in a less gray color, will look darker, even when both are just as bright. [3]

  7. One-way mirror - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_mirror

    One-way glass (4) used in a teleprompter. A one-way mirror is typically used as an apparently normal mirror in a brightly lit room, with a much darker room on the other side. People on the brightly lit side see their own reflection—it looks like a normal mirror. People on the dark side see through it—it looks like a transparent window. The ...

  8. Optical resolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_resolution

    The ability of a lens to resolve detail is usually determined by the quality of the lens, but is ultimately limited by diffraction.Light coming from a point source in the object diffracts through the lens aperture such that it forms a diffraction pattern in the image, which has a central spot and surrounding bright rings, separated by dark nulls; this pattern is known as an Airy pattern, and ...

  9. Micropsia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropsia

    Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are. Micropsia can be caused by optical factors (such as wearing glasses), by distortion of images in the eye (such as optically, via swelling of the cornea or from changes in the shape of the retina such as from retinal edema, macular degeneration, or central serous ...