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n-Butane: Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. Vapor pressure of n-butane. From formula: ...
Butane (/ ˈ b juː t eɪ n /) is an alkane with the formula C 4 H 10. Butane exists as two isomers, n -butane with connectivity CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 and iso-butane with the formula (CH 3 ) 3 CH . Both isomers are highly flammable, colorless, easily liquefied gases that quickly vaporize at room temperature and pressure.
Values are given in terms of temperature necessary to reach the specified pressure. Valid results within the quoted ranges from most equations are included in the table for comparison. A conversion factor is included into the original first coefficients of the equations to provide the pressure in pascals (CR2: 5.006, SMI: -0.875).
This is illustrated in the vapor pressure chart (see right) that shows graphs of the vapor pressures versus temperatures for a variety of liquids. [7] At the normal boiling point of a liquid, the vapor pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure defined as 1 atmosphere, [1] 760 Torr, 101.325 kPa, or 14.69595 psi.
The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine (1825–1897). [1]
Raoult's law (/ ˈ r ɑː uː l z / law) is a relation of physical chemistry, with implications in thermodynamics.Proposed by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887, [1] [2] it states that the partial pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component (liquid or solid) multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.
A log-lin vapor pressure chart for various liquids. The higher the vapor pressure of a liquid at a given temperature, the lower the normal boiling point (i.e., the boiling point at atmospheric pressure) of the liquid. The vapor pressure chart to the right has graphs of the vapor pressures versus temperatures for a variety of liquids. [10]
The following table lists the Van der Waals constants (from the Van der Waals equation) for a number of common gases and volatile liquids. [ 1 ] To convert from L 2 b a r / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}bar/mol^{2}} } to L 2 k P a / m o l 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {L^{2}kPa/mol^{2}} } , multiply by 100.