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Sets read and write permission for user, sets read for Group, and denies access for Others: chmod -R u+w,go-w docs: Adds write permission to the directory docs and all its contents (i.e. Recursively) for owner, and removes write permission for group and others chmod ug=rw groupAgreements.txt: Sets read and write permissions for user and Group
The effective permissions are determined based on the first class the user falls within in the order of user, group then others. For example, the user who is the owner of the file will have the permissions given to the user class regardless of the permissions assigned to the group class or others class.
The Unix and Linux access rights flags setuid and setgid (short for set user identity and set group identity) [1] allow users to run an executable with the file system permissions of the executable's owner or group respectively and to change behaviour in directories. They are often used to allow users on a computer system to run programs with ...
In Linux, corresponds to a procfs mount. Generally, automatically generated and populated by the system, on the fly. /root: Home directory for the root user. /run: Run-time variable data: Information about the running system since last boot, e.g., currently logged-in users and running daemons.
Sudo command on Ubuntu to temporarily assume root privileges. Most Unix and Unix-like systems have an account or group which enables a user to exact complete control over the system, often known as a root account. If access to this account is gained by an unwanted user, this results in a complete breach of the system.
Some OSes, such as macOS and some Linux distributions (most notably Ubuntu [6]), automatically give the initial user created the ability to run as root via sudo – but this is configured to ask them for their password before doing administrative actions. In some cases the actual root account is disabled by default, so it can't be directly used ...
Linux also has a file system user ID (fsuid) which is used explicitly for access control to the file system. It matches the euid unless explicitly set otherwise. It may be root's user ID only if ruid, suid, or euid is root. Whenever the euid is changed, the change is propagated to the fsuid.
For directories, when a directory's sticky bit is set, the filesystem treats the files in such directories in a special way so only the file's owner, the directory's owner, or root user can rename or delete the file. Without the sticky bit set, any user with write and execute permissions for the directory can rename or delete contained files ...