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Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
Psychological abuse, often known as emotional abuse or mental abuse or psychological violence or non-physical abuse, is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or exposing another person to a behavior that may result in psychological trauma, including anxiety, chronic depression, clinical depression or post-traumatic stress disorder amongst other psychological problems.
Bullying is a form of harassment that is often repeated and habitual, and can happen in person or online. [62] Bullying in childhood may inflict harm or distress and educational harm that can affect the later stage of adolescence. [63] Bullying involvement, as victim, bully, bully/victim, or witness, can threaten the well-being of children.
Risk factors for mental illness include psychological trauma, adverse childhood experiences, genetic predisposition, and personality traits. [7] [8] Correlations between mental disorders and substance use are also found to have a two way relationship, in that substance use can lead to the development of mental disorders and having mental disorders can lead to substance use/abuse.
Bullying has also been shown to cause maladjustment in young children, and targets of bullying who were also bullies themselves exhibit even greater social difficulties. [ 56 ] [ 75 ] A mental health report also found that bullying was linked to eating disorders, anxiety, body dysmorphia and other negative psychological effects. [ 76 ]
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For example, bullying or peer victimization is most commonly studied in children and adolescents but also takes place between adults. [2] Although anyone may be victimized, particular groups (e.g. children, the elderly, individuals with disabilities) may be more susceptible to certain types of victimization and as a result to the symptoms and ...
Bullying in general, is defined as physically or psychologically violent re-occurring and not provoked acts, where the bully and victim have unequal physical strength or psychological power. [14] These key conditions apply to all types of bullying: verbal , physical and relational.