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A Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector, commonly called Doppler wand or Doppler probe, and a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) are usually needed. The blood pressure cuff is inflated proximal to the artery in question. Measured by the Doppler wand, the inflation continues until the pulse in the artery ceases.
The location and severity of arterial narrowings and occlusions can be identified. The vascular sonographer can map disease in lower-extremity segments with great accuracy, though duplex scanning is more time-consuming than other lower-extremity arterial studies. [citation needed]
The use of Doppler measurements which trace the echoes of the generated soundwaves received by the probe, enable the direction and the velocity of the blood flow, to be depicted. The overlay of color onto the Doppler information lets these images be seen more clearly. [8] The choice of a probe will depend on the depth needed to be studied.
Unlike arterial ultrasonography, venous ultrasonography is carried out with the probe in a transversal position, (perpendicular to the vein axis), displaying cross-sections of the veins. [4] All collateral veins are better detected this way, including perforator veins, but of most importance is the detection of venous thrombosis.
Vasculitis, peripheral arterial vascular disease, and lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency are the most frequent conditions to be taken into account during the differential diagnosis process. Peripheral artery diseases are diagnosed with the help of clinical signs, abnormal arterial Doppler ultrasound findings, and the ankle-brachial ...
A peripheral vascular examination is a medical examination to discover signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system. It is performed as part of a physical examination, or when a patient presents with leg pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology. The exam includes several parts: Position/lighting/draping; Inspection; Palpation ...
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Smokers are 2–3 times more likely to have lower extremity PAD than coronary artery disease. [39] Greater than 80%–90% of patients with lower extremity peripheral arterial disease are current or former smokers. [40] The risk of PAD increases with the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the number of years smoked. [41] [42]
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