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Sir George Cayley, 6th Baronet, discovered fundamental principles of aeronautics.. An independent scientist (historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body.
In 1986, the San Diego Independent Scholars sponsored a national conference aimed at reaching a consensus for founding a national organization which would communicate with institutions such as federal funding agencies, foundations, and learned societies, to address issues of access to research funding, research facilities, and other resources ...
Army Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) Army Research Laboratory (ARL) Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) Army Medical Research and Material Command (USAMRMC)
The Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, commonly called just the Ronin Institute, is an independent scholarly research institute located in Montclair, New Jersey, United States. The institute is dedicated to multidisciplinary study of science and the humanities and supports the work of independent scientists and scholars .
A research fellow is an academic research position at a university or a similar research institution, usually for academic staff or faculty members. A research fellow may act either as an independent investigator or under the supervision of a principal investigator. Research fellow positions vary in different countries and academic institutions.
The National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR), established in 1938, [34] is Britain's oldest independent economic research institute. The institute is a London-based [35] [36] independent UK registered charity that carries out academic research of relevance to business and policy makers, [37] both nationally and internationally.
An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical. The main goal of IRB ...
Whitehead Institute was founded in 1982 by industrialist and philanthropist Edwin C. “Jack” Whitehead (1920–1992), who sought to establish a research institute "dedicated to improving human health through basic biomedical science".