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Accessory muscles of respiration are muscles that assist, but do not play a primary role, in breathing. Use of these while at rest is often interpreted as a sign of respiratory distress . [ 3 ] There is no definitive list of accessory muscles, but the sternocleidomastoid and the scalenes (anterior, middle, and posterior) are typically included ...
An accessory muscle can also refer to a muscle that is not primarily responsible for movement but does provide assistance. [1] Examples of such muscles are the accessory muscles of respiration where the sternocleidomastoid and the scalene muscles (anterior, middle and posterior scalene) are typically considered accessory muscles of respiration. [6]
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The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants. The anatomy and physiology that make this happen varies greatly, depending on the size of the organism, the environment in which it lives and its evolutionary ...
Labored respiration or labored breathing is an abnormal respiration characterized by evidence of increased effort to breathe, including the use of accessory muscles of respiration, stridor, grunting, or nasal flaring.
It has been thought that the tripod position optimizes the mechanics of respiration by taking advantage of the accessory muscles of the neck and upper chest to get more air into the lungs. [4] [5] With the position of the arms secure, contraction of the pectoralis results in elevation of the anterior wall of the chest. [6]
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The anterior and middle scalene muscles lift the first rib and bend the neck to the same side as the acting muscle; [3] the posterior scalene lifts the second rib and tilts the neck to the same side. Because they elevate the upper ribs, they also act as accessory muscles of respiration, along with the sternocleidomastoids.