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Unique among the Dardic languages, Kashmiri presents "verb second" as the normal grammatical form. This is similar to many Germanic languages, such as German and Dutch, as well as Uto-Aztecan O'odham and Northeast Caucasian Ingush. All other Dardic languages, and more generally within Indo-Iranian, follow the subject-object-verb (SOV) pattern. [45]
Kundal Shahi (کنڈل شاہی, Kunḍal Šāhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 700 people in the Kundal Shahi village of Neelam Valley in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. [2] It is an endangered language and its speakers are shifting to Hindko .
Kashmiri (English: / k æ ʃ ˈ m ɪər i / kash-MEER-ee) [10] or Koshur [11] (Kashmiri: کٲشُر (Perso-Arabic, Official Script), pronounced) [1] is a Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken by around 7 million Kashmiris of the Kashmir region, [12] primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of the Indian-administrated union territory of Jammu and Kashmir, over half the population of that ...
The initial efforts by the British grouped almost all the people and languages of the upper Indus River, between Kashmir and Kabul, into a single category.This led to the creation of distinct identities for all other groups in the region, giving rise to terms such as Dard, Dardistan, and Dardic.
The category contains tribes who speak Dardic languages. [1] In the Indian-administered Kashmir region, these tribes are mostly found in the Kargil and Baramulla districts and few of them are found in Leh. They are predominantly Muslim and a few are Buddhists and Hindus. [2] [3] [4]
Shina is one of the few Dardic languages with a written tradition. [16] However, it was an unwritten language until a few decades ago. [17] Only in the late 2010s has Shina orthography been standardized and primers as well as dictionaries endorsed by the territorial government of Gilgit-Baltistan have been published. [18] [19]
There is a literary tradition based on Peshawari, [6] the urban variety of Peshawar in the northwest, and another one based on the language of Abbottabad in the northeast. [7] In the 2017 census of Pakistan, 5.1 million people declared their language to be Hindko, [1] while a 2020 estimate placed the number of speakers at 7 million. [2]
Bateri (بٹیری, बटेरी) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken mostly in Kohistan District, Pakistan and to a much lesser extent in Jammu and Kashmir, India. [ 1 ] Status