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Nickel electroforming has nickel plating applied for fabrication of nickel products. For example, nickel can be deposited onto a mandrel and then lifted off the latter, creating a nickel-only part. [8] Nickel is also used as an undercoat for chrome or gold plating, as it improves adhesion and the longevity of the final layer.
Potting has also been used to protect against reverse engineering or to protect parts of cryptography processing cards. When such materials are used only on single components instead of entire assemblies, the process is referred to as encapsulation. Thermosetting plastics or silicone rubber gels are often used, though epoxy resins are also very ...
Electroless nickel plating, covered by a thin layer of gold, is used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improving the solderability of copper contacts and plated through holes and vias. The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts.
Soldering is commonly used in the electronics industry for the manufacture and repair of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and other electronic components. It is also used in plumbing and metalwork, as well as in the manufacture of jewelry and other decorative items. The solder used in the process can vary in composition, with different alloys used ...
These include nickel-iron-chromium Brightray F [3] that offers better resistance to both reducing and oxidizing environments. Brightray C [ 4 ] is a nickel-chromium alloy with rare-earth additions to extend its lifetime under fluctuating temperatures, particularly with heating elements that are being continually switched on and off.
A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
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The chromium plating is usually applied over bright nickel plating. Typical base materials include steel, aluminium, plastic, copper alloys, and zinc alloys. [2] Decorative chrome plating is also very corrosion resistant and is often used on car parts, tools and kitchen utensils. [citation needed]