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University spin-offs (also known as university spin-outs) [1] [2] are companies that transform technological inventions developed from university research that are likely to remain unexploited otherwise. [3] They are a subcategory of research spin-offs. Prominent examples of university spin-offs are Genentech, Crucell, Lycos and Plastic Logic.
A concept of Z-pinch fusion propulsion system was developed through collaboration between NASA and private companies. [1] The energy released by the Z-pinch effect would accelerate lithium propellant to a high speed, resulting in a specific impulse value of 19400 s and thrust of 38 kN. A magnetic nozzle would be required to convert the released ...
Athletic equipment 1964 5 Capital One: 100 27,519 Public Finance 1988 6 Gap Inc. 178 15,516 Public Clothing/accessories 1969 – Trader Joe's* 208 13,300 Private Grocery: 1958 † Equivalently [16] 7 Micron Technology: 226 12,399 Public Semiconductor 1978 8 PayPal** 264 10,842 Public Financial services 1998 1999 9 Netflix: 314 8,831 Public
A research spin-off is a company that falls into at least one of the four following categories: [1] Companies that have an Equity investment from a national library or university; Companies that license technology from a public research institute or university; Companies that consider a university or public sector employee to have been a founder
NASA spin-off technologies are commercial products and services which have been developed with the help of NASA, through research and development contracts, such as Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) or STTR awards, licensing of NASA patents, use of NASA facilities, technical assistance from NASA personnel, or data from NASA research.
Spin Hall effect (condensed matter physics) (Hall effect) (physics) (spintronics) Spoiler effect (psephology) (voting theory) Stack effect; Stark effect (atomic physics) (foundational quantum physics) (physical phenomena) Stars (shader effect) (3D computer graphics) (computer graphics) (demo effects) Status effect (video game gameplay)
A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, [1] starburst or hive-off, [2] is a type of corporate action where a company "splits off" a section as a separate business or creates a second incarnation, even if the first is still active. [3]
Spintronics emerged from discoveries in the 1980s concerning spin-dependent electron transport phenomena in solid-state devices. This includes the observation of spin-polarized electron injection from a ferromagnetic metal to a normal metal by Johnson and Silsbee (1985) [5] and the discovery of giant magnetoresistance independently by Albert Fert et al. [6] and Peter Grünberg et al. (1988). [7]