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Many teachings in early Buddhism mention faith as the first step, wisdom as the last. [83] On the last stage of the Buddhist path, the attainment of arahant, the practitioner has completely replaced faith by wisdom: the arahant no longer relies on faith at all, [84] although at this stage sometimes a form of realized faith is described. [85]
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) viewed wisdom as a confrontation with the absurd condition of life and the freedom to create meaning in a world devoid of inherent purpose. [28] Albert Camus (1913–1960) echoed these ideas in The Myth of Sisyphus , arguing that wisdom lies in accepting life's absurdity and choosing to live meaningfully despite ...
Aquinas says "Faith has the character of a virtue, not because of the things it believes, for faith is of things that appear not, but because it adheres to the testimony of one in whom truth is infallibly found". [7] [8] Aquinas further connected the theological virtues with the cardinal virtues.
Bhāvanāmayī-prajñā (Wisdom from Cultivation; Ch: 修慧): The culmination of wisdom, this form is generated through meditative practice and experiential realization. It represents the integration of śamatha (calm abiding) and vipaśyanā (insight), allowing practitioners to perceive reality directly and profoundly.
There can be different types of spiritual self because it is determined on one's life and experiences. Another definition of spiritual identity is "a persistent sense of self that addresses ultimate questions about the nature, purpose, and meaning of life, resulting in behaviors that are consonant with the individual’s core values."
Saṃmuti or samuti (Pāli; Sanskrit: saṃvṛti), meaning "common consent, general opinion, convention", [15] and paramattha (Pāli; Sanskrit: paramārtha), meaning "ultimate", are used to distinguish conventional or common-sense language, as used in metaphors or for the sake of convenience, from language used to express higher truths directly.
In Christianity, the word of wisdom is a spiritual gift listed in 1 Corinthians 12:8. The function that this gift is given varies. Some Christians see in this gift a prophetic-like function. Others see in the word of wisdom a teaching function. This gift is closely related with the gift of the word of knowledge.