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1638 — Robert Fludd the first thermoscope showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer. 1643 — Evangelista Torricelli invents the mercury barometer 1654 — Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany , made sealed tubes part filled with alcohol , with a bulb and stem, the first modern-style thermometer, depending on the ...
1593 – Galileo Galilei invents one of the first thermoscopes, also known as Galileo thermometer [1] 1650 – Otto von Guericke builds the first vacuum pump 1660 – Robert Boyle experimentally discovers Boyle's law, relating the pressure and volume of a gas (published 1662) [2]
A thermoscope is a device that shows changes in temperature. A typical design is a tube in which a liquid rises and falls as the temperature changes.
Attempts at standardized temperature measurement prior to the 17th century were crude at best. For instance in 170 AD, physician Claudius Galenus [1]: 18 mixed equal portions of ice and boiling water to create a "neutral" temperature standard.
The following is a timeline of low-temperature technology and cryogenic technology (refrigeration down to close to absolute zero, i.e. –273.15 °C, −459.67 °F or 0 K). [1] It also lists important milestones in thermometry , thermodynamics , statistical physics and calorimetry , that were crucial in development of low temperature systems.
The history of thermodynamics is a fundamental strand in the history of physics, the history of chemistry, and the history of science in general. Due to the relevance of thermodynamics in much of science and technology, its history is finely woven with the developments of classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, magnetism, and chemical kinetics, to more distant applied fields such as ...
List of timelines around the world. Logarithmic timeline shows all history on one page in ten lines. Orders of magnitude (time) Periodization for a discussion of the tendency to try to fit history into non-overlapping periods. Time. Planck Time
(Galileo did invent a thermometer called Galileo's air thermometer, more accurately called a thermoscope, in or before 1603.) [1] The instrument now known as a Galileo thermometer was invented by a group of academics and technicians known as the Accademia del Cimento of Florence, [ 2 ] who included Galileo's pupil, Torricelli and Torricelli's ...