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The motor cortex is the region of the cerebral cortex involved in the planning, control, and execution of voluntary movements.The motor cortex is an area of the frontal lobe located in the posterior precentral gyrus immediately anterior to the central sulcus.
The primary motor cortex (Brodmann area 4) is a brain region that in humans is located in the dorsal portion of the frontal lobe. It is the primary region of the motor system and works in association with other motor areas including premotor cortex , the supplementary motor area , posterior parietal cortex , and several subcortical brain ...
Because Brodmann area 4 is in the same general location as primary motor cortex, the homunculus here is called the motor homunculus. The term area 4 of Brodmann-1909 refers to a cytoarchitecturally defined portion of the frontal lobe of the guenon. It is located predominantly in the precentral gyrus.
A motor homunculus represents a map of brain areas dedicated to motor processing for different anatomical divisions of the body. The primary motor cortex is located in the precentral gyrus , and handles signals coming from the premotor area of the frontal lobes .
There is a precise somatotopic representation of the different body parts in the primary motor cortex, with the leg area located medially (close to the midline), and the head and face area located laterally on the convex side of the cerebral hemisphere (cortical homunculus). The arm and hand motor area is the largest and occupies the part of ...
The motor areas are located in both hemispheres of the cortex. The motor areas are very closely related to the control of voluntary movements, especially fine fragmented movements performed by the hand. The right half of the motor area controls the left side of the body, and vice versa. Two areas of the cortex are commonly referred to as motor:
Upper motor neurons represent the largest pyramidal cells in the motor regions of the cerebral cortex. The major cell type of the UMNs is the Betz cells residing in layer V of the primary motor cortex , located on the precentral gyrus in the posterior frontal lobe.
Central structures include cerebral cortex, brainstem, spinal cord, pyramidal system including the upper motor neurons, extrapyramidal system, cerebellum, and the lower motor neurons in the brainstem and the spinal cord. [3] The motor system is a biological system with close ties to the muscular system and the circulatory system.