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Upward planarity testing [8] Hospitals-and-residents problem with couples; Knot genus [38] Latin square completion (the problem of determining if a partially filled square can be completed) Maximum 2-satisfiability [3]: LO5 Maximum volume submatrix – Problem of selecting the best conditioned subset of a larger matrix
The sequence of numbers involved is sometimes referred to as the hailstone sequence, hailstone numbers or hailstone numerals (because the values are usually subject to multiple descents and ascents like hailstones in a cloud), [5] or as wondrous numbers. [6] Paul Erdős said about the Collatz conjecture: "Mathematics may not be ready for such ...
In contrast, direct methods attempt to solve the problem by a finite sequence of operations. In the absence of rounding errors , direct methods would deliver an exact solution (for example, solving a linear system of equations A x = b {\displaystyle A\mathbf {x} =\mathbf {b} } by Gaussian elimination ).
The number of points (n), chords (c) and regions (r G) for first 6 terms of Moser's circle problem. In geometry, the problem of dividing a circle into areas by means of an inscribed polygon with n sides in such a way as to maximise the number of areas created by the edges and diagonals, sometimes called Moser's circle problem (named after Leo Moser), has a solution by an inductive method.
For instance, a meeting may be called to review a particular problem and to develop a solution for the problem. The Six Thinking Hats method could then be used in a sequence to first explore the problem, then develop a set of solutions, and to finally choose a solution through critical examination of the solution set.
In 1922, Cole published his paper Kirkman Parades [3] which listed for the first time all seven non-isomorphic solutions to the 15 schoolgirl problem, thus answering a long-standing question since the 1850s. The seven Kirkman solutions correspond to four different Steiner systems when resolvability into parallel classes is removed as a constraint.
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
The former is an example of simple problem solving (SPS) addressing one issue, whereas the latter is complex problem solving (CPS) with multiple interrelated obstacles. [1] Another classification of problem-solving tasks is into well-defined problems with specific obstacles and goals, and ill-defined problems in which the current situation is ...