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In chemistry, a formula unit is the smallest unit of a non-molecular substance, such as an ionic compound, covalent network solid, or metal. [1] [2] It can also refer to the chemical formula for that unit. Those structures do not consist of discrete molecules, and so for them, the term formula unit is used.
An example is the condensed molecular/chemical formula for ethanol, which is CH 3 −CH 2 −OH or CH 3 CH 2 OH. However, even a condensed chemical formula is necessarily limited in its ability to show complex bonding relationships between atoms, especially atoms that have bonds to four or more different substituents.
An example is boron carbide, whose formula of CB n is a variable non-whole number ratio, with n ranging from over 4 to more than 6.5. When the chemical compound of the formula consists of simple molecules, chemical formulas often employ ways to suggest the structure of the
The mole is widely used in chemistry as a convenient way to express amounts of reactants and amounts of products of chemical reactions. For example, the chemical equation 2 H 2 + O 2 → 2 H 2 O can be interpreted to mean that for each 2 mol molecular hydrogen (H 2) and 1 mol molecular oxygen (O 2) that react, 2 mol of water (H 2 O) form.
A compound's empirical formula is a very simple type of chemical formula. [27] It is the simplest integer ratio of the chemical elements that constitute it. [ 28 ] For example, water is always composed of a 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is always composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 2:6:1 ratio.
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound. [1] A simple example of this concept is that the empirical formula of sulfur monoxide , or SO, is simply SO, as is the empirical formula of disulfur dioxide , S 2 O 2 .
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The unit of amount of substance in the International System of Units is the mole (symbol: mol), a base unit. [1] Since 2019, the value of the Avogadro constant N A is defined to be exactly 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1. Sometimes, the amount of substance is referred to as the chemical amount or, informally, as the "number of moles" in a given ...