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Most of Earth's land hosts vegetation, [109] but considerable amounts of land are ice sheets (10%, [110] not including the equally large area of land under permafrost) [111] or deserts (33%). [112] The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's land surface and is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. Soil is crucial for ...
Land is often defined as the solid, dry surface of Earth. [1] The word land may also collectively refer the collective natural resources of Earth, [2] including its land cover, rivers, shallow lakes, its biosphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (troposphere), groundwater reserves, and the physical results of human activity on land, such as architecture and agriculture. [3]
Examples are mountains, hills, polar caps, and valleys, which are found on all of the terrestrial planets. The scientific study of landforms is known as geomorphology . In onomastic terminology, toponyms (geographical proper names) of individual landform objects (mountains, hills, valleys, etc.) are called oronyms .
The Great Soviet Encyclopedia of 1979 defines landscape science as "the branch of physical geography that deals with natural territorial complexes (or geographic complexes, geosystems) as structural parts of the earth's geographic mantle" and states that "The basis of landscape science is the theory that the geographic landscape is the primary ...
[81] [16] An example of a form of qualitative cartography is a Chorochromatic map of nominal data, such as land cover or dominant language group in an area. [82] Another example is a deep map , or maps that combine geography and storytelling to produce a product with greater information than a two-dimensional image of places, names, and topography.
Our Enigmatic Earth. Our planet is indeed a beautiful place, but it can also be strange and more than a little mysterious. From unexplained ancient structures to fantastical flora, fauna, and ...
A peninsula in southeastern Russia, Kamchatka is known as the "land of fire and ice" for its geology, climate, and volcanic activity. For more great armchair-travel stories and vacation tips ...
Geomatics includes geodesy (scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field, and other geodynamic phenomena, such as crustal motion, oceanic tides, and polar motion), cartography, geographical information science (GIS) and remote sensing (the short or large-scale acquisition of ...