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Cloaca of a red-tailed hawk. A cloaca (/ k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k ə / ⓘ kloh-AY-kə), pl.: cloacae (/ k l oʊ ˈ eɪ s i / kloh-AY-see or / k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k i / kloh-AY-kee), or vent, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive (), reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.
This practice is declining due to animal welfare concerns, and "digital frogs" are now available for virtual dissection. [222] Frogs have served as experimental animals throughout the history of science. Eighteenth-century biologist Luigi Galvani discovered the link between electricity and the nervous system by studying frogs.
Gizzard of a chicken. The gizzard, also referred to as the ventriculus, gastric mill, and gigerium, is an organ found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (birds and other dinosaurs, crocodiles, alligators, pterosaurs), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans.
The proventriculus is a standard part of avian anatomy, and is a rod shaped organ, located between the esophagus and the gizzard of most birds. [2] It is generally a glandular part of the stomach that may store and/or commence digestion of food before it progresses to the gizzard. [3]
The developing digestive tube of an embryo forms as a blind pouch called the archenteron. In protostomes , the coelom forms by a process known as schizocoely . [ 6 ] The archenteron initially forms, and the mesoderm splits into two layers: the first attaches to the body wall or ectoderm , forming the parietal layer and the second surrounds the ...
Enteral respiration, also referred to as cloacal respiration or intestinal respiration, [1] is a form of respiration in which gas exchange occurs across the epithelia of the enteral system, usually in the caudal cavity ().
The African bullfrog (Pyxicephalus adspersus), also known as the giant bullfrog or the South African burrowing frog, is a species of frog in the family Pyxicephalidae.
The hepatopancreas, digestive gland or midgut gland is an organ of the digestive tract of arthropods and molluscs. It provides the functions which in mammals are provided separately by the liver and pancreas , including the production of digestive enzymes , and absorption of digested food.