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People of the ancient Egyptian civilization initiated an independent practice of anatomical study, which represented the first movement within humanity toward the development of an understanding of anatomy; Egypt is where the study of anatomy historically first developed.
Senusret II's pectoral, by 1878 BC. Hieroglyphs: Ankh, Huh (god)-(=millions), Shen ring, scarab, Ra, Water Ripple, Sun-rising hieroglyph, uraeus. The pectorals of ancient Egypt were a form of jewelry, often in the form of a brooch. They are often also amulets, and may be so described. They were mostly worn by richer people and the pharaoh.
A pectoral of Shoshenq II featuring a solar barque Cartonnage coffin of Shoshenq II. There is a small possibility that Shoshenq II was the son of Shoshenq I.Two bracelets from Shoshenq II's tomb mention king Shoshenq I while a pectoral was inscribed with the title 'Great Chief of the Ma Shoshenq,' a title which Shoshenq I employed under Psusennes II before he became king. [6]
English: The pectoral girdle is the set of bones which connect the upper limb to the axial skeleton on each side. It consists of the clavicle and scapula in humans and, in those species with three bones in the pectoral girdle, the coracoid. Some mammalian species (e.g. dog and horse) have evolved to have only the scapula.
Pectoral cross, a cross worn on the chest; a decorative, usually jeweled version of a gorget; Pectoral (Ancient Egypt), a type of jewelry worn in ancient Egypt; Pectoralis major muscle, commonly referred to as "pectorals" or "pecs" Pectoralis minor muscle; Pectoral fins of an aquatic animal, such as a whale or fish, located on both sides of the ...
Ancient medical instruments, Temple of Kom Ombo. Egyptian medical papyri are ancient Egyptian texts written on papyrus which permit a glimpse at medical procedures and practices in ancient Egypt. These papyri give details on disease, diagnosis, and remedies of disease, which include herbal remedies, surgery, and magical incantations.
[20] [21] It also became the most authoritative text on anatomy until the 16th century. [22] Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon (c. 1200): First description of the pulmonary circulation system, [23] and the first description of the presence and function of coronary circulation. [24]
The muscle attachment sites on the skeleton often manifest morphological changes (new bone formation or bone resorption), which are called ‘entheseal changes’ (ECs). The expression of ECs is highly dependent upon an individual’s age, body mass and other factors; however, ECs have also been widely utilized in the field of bioarchaeology to ...