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The Prussian Crusades were a series of 13th-century campaigns of Catholic crusaders, primarily led by the Teutonic Knights, to Christianize the pagan Old Prussians. These include the Crusade of 1222–1223, the First Prussian Uprising of 1242–1249, and the Great Prussian Uprising of 1260–1274. [316] [317] [318] Lithuanian Crusades 1284–1435
A 13th-century manuscript of the marriage of Frederick and Isabella. Frederick renewed his crusader oath on his imperial coronation in Rome in 1220. He did not join the Egyptian crusade but reopened the negotiations with Al-Adil over the city of Jerusalem. In 1225, Frederick married Isabella II and assumed the title of king of Jerusalem. Two ...
These included the 12th and 13th century conquest of Muslim Al-Andalus by Spanish Christian kingdoms; 12th to 15th century German Northern Crusades expansion into the pagan Baltic region; the suppression of non-conformity, particularly in Languedoc during what has become called the Albigensian Crusade and for the Papacy's temporal advantage in ...
An idealized twelfth-century map of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. Soon afterwards, Philip of Flanders arrived in Jerusalem on pilgrimage; he was Baldwin IV's cousin, and the king offered him the regency and command of the army, both of which Philip refused, although he objected to the appointment of Raynald as regent. Philip then attempted ...
The Prussian Crusade was a series of 13th-century campaigns of Roman Catholic crusaders, primarily led by the Teutonic Knights, to Christianize under duress the pagan Old Prussians. Invited after earlier unsuccessful expeditions against the Prussians by Christian Polish princes, the Teutonic Knights began campaigning against the Prussians ...
13th; 14th; 15th; 16th; 17th; 18th; Subcategories. This category has the following 12 subcategories, out of 12 total. A. ... Pages in category "13th-century crusades"
During the 12th and 13th century in Europe there was a radical change in the rate of new inventions, innovations in the ways of managing traditional means of production, and economic growth. In less than a century there were more inventions developed and applied usefully than in the previous thousand years of human history all over the globe.
[12] [31] Thomas Aquinas and others extended these theories in the 13th century into a concept of religious war. [32] This enabled various popes to use canon law in the call for crusades against their enemies in Italy. The argument was that Rome was the estate of St Peter, so the popes' Italian campaigns were considered defensive and fought for ...