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For this reason, the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation is widely used in engineering, especially civil and mechanical, to determine the strength (as well as deflection) of beams under bending. Both the bending moment and the shear force cause stresses in the beam.
The starting point is the relation from Euler-Bernoulli beam theory = Where is the deflection and is the bending moment. This equation [7] is simpler than the fourth-order beam equation and can be integrated twice to find if the value of as a function of is known.
This is the Euler–Bernoulli equation for beam bending. After a solution for the displacement of the beam has been obtained, the bending moment and shear force in the beam can be calculated using the relations
The bending moment at a particular cross section varies linearly with the second derivative of the deflected shape at that location. The beam is composed of an isotropic material. The applied load is orthogonal to the beam's neutral axis and acts in a unique plane. A simplified version of Euler–Bernoulli beam equation is:
The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory. An example of the use of deflection in this context is in building construction. Architects and engineers select materials for various applications.
Fig. 1: Critical stress vs slenderness ratio for steel, for E = 200 GPa, yield strength = 240 MPa.. Euler's critical load or Euler's buckling load is the compressive load at which a slender column will suddenly bend or buckle.
Bending of a sandwich beam without extra deformation due to core shear. In the engineering theory of sandwich beams, [2] the axial strain is assumed to vary linearly over the cross-section of the beam as in Euler-Bernoulli theory, i.e.,
The resulting equation is of 4th order but, unlike Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, there is also a second-order partial derivative present. Physically, taking into account the added mechanisms of deformation effectively lowers the stiffness of the beam, while the result is a larger deflection under a static load and lower predicted ...