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Joule heating (also known as resistive, resistance, or Ohmic heating) is the process by which the passage of an electric current through a conductor produces heat.. Joule's first law (also just Joule's law), also known in countries of the former USSR as the Joule–Lenz law, [1] states that the power of heating generated by an electrical conductor equals the product of its resistance and the ...
Between 1840 and 1843, Joule carefully studied the heat produced by an electric current. From this study, he developed Joule's laws of heating, the first of which is commonly referred to as the Joule effect. Joule's first law expresses the relationship between heat generated in a conductor and current flow, resistance, and time. [1]
The cooling produced in the Joule–Thomson expansion makes it a valuable tool in refrigeration. [ 8 ] [ 20 ] The effect is applied in the Linde technique as a standard process in the petrochemical industry , where the cooling effect is used to liquefy gases , and in many cryogenic applications (e.g. for the production of liquid oxygen ...
Calculating thermal conductance is crucial for designing effective heat sinks and cooling systems in electronic devices. Automotive design: Automotive engineers use thermal resistance to optimize the cooling system and prevent overheating in engines and other vehicle components. Evaluating thermal resistance helps in designing engine components ...
Its published results did much to bring about general acceptance of Joule's work and the kinetic theory. However, in 1848, von Mayer had first had sight of Joule's papers and wrote to the French Académie des Sciences to assert priority. His letter was published in the Comptes Rendus and Joule was quick to react. Thomson's close relationship ...
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The middle term is the Joule heating, and the last term includes both Peltier (at junction) and Thomson (in thermal gradient) effects. Combined with the Seebeck equation for J {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} } , this can be used to solve for the steady-state voltage and temperature profiles in a complicated system.
The law says landlords must provide “fit and habitable” living conditions, including “operable heating facilities capable of heating living areas to 65 degrees Fahrenheit when it is 20 ...
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