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Some sub-orbital flights have been undertaken to test spacecraft and launch vehicles later intended for orbital spaceflight. Other vehicles are specifically designed only for sub-orbital flight; examples include crewed vehicles, such as the X-15 and SpaceShipTwo, and uncrewed ones, such as ICBMs and sounding rockets.
Suborbital test flights Launch site(s) Dates of flight LEO GTO Other First Latest Starship Block 1 [140] United States: SpaceX: 121 m 40,000 – 50,000 [141] N/A N/A Reusable: 0 6 Starbase: 2023 2024 Angara A5 / Orion Russia: Khrunichev: 54.9 m N/A 6,500 [142] 3,700 to GEO [142] Expendable: 1 [142] Plesetsk, Vostochny: 2024 2024 Angara A5 ...
An orbital spaceflight (or orbital flight) is a spaceflight in which a spacecraft is placed on a trajectory where it could remain in space for at least one orbit. To do this around the Earth , it must be on a free trajectory which has an altitude at perigee (altitude at closest approach) around 80 kilometers (50 mi); this is the boundary of ...
Total: Flights which lift-off, or where the vehicle is destroyed during the terminal count Note: only includes orbital launches (flights launched with the intention of reaching orbit). Suborbital tests launches are not included in this listing. Space (regardless of outcome): Flights which reach approximately 100 km or more above Earth's surface.
Mercury flight history; X-15 flight history (altitudes given in feet) Gemini flight history; Apollo flight history (student resource) Skylab flight history; Apollo-Soyuz flight history; Space Shuttle flight history infographic; Shenzhou flight history timeline; SpaceShipOne flight history; Soyuz MS-10 flight details; VSS Unity flight details
(+ suborbital) Launch Sites Date of flight LEO GTO Other First Last Atlas-Able United States: General Dynamics: 28 m ~175 to TLI No 3 CCSFS: 1959 1960 Atlas-Agena United States: Convair/General Dynamics: 36 m 1,000 390 to TLI No 109 VAFB, CCSFS: 1960 1978 Atlas-Centaur United States: Lockheed: 36.2-38.8 m 1,134 [140] 2,222 [141] No 148: CCSFS ...
The second flight test of Starship had a test flight profile similar to the first flight, with the addition of a new hot-staging technique and the introduction of a water deluge system as part of the ground support equipment at the launch pad. During the first stage ascent, all 33 engines fired to full duration.
Two successful NASA Langley Research Center led sub-orbital flight demonstrations of HIAD technology have occurred; Inflatable Reentry Vehicle Experiment 2 (IRVE-2) [7] and IRVE-3 [8] were flown in 2009 and 2012 respectively. LOFTID is the first orbital flight of a HIAD and the largest blunt bunt aeroshell entry to date.