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Turkish grammar (Turkish: Türkçe dil bilgisi), as described in this article, is the grammar of standard Turkish as spoken and written by the majority of people in the Republic of Türkiye. Turkish is a highly agglutinative language , in that much of the grammar is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns and verbs .
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
There are nine simple and 20 compound tenses in Turkish. The nine simple tenses are: simple past (di'li geçmiş), inferential past (miş'li geçmiş), present continuous, simple present , future, optative, subjunctive, necessitative ("must") and imperative. [74] There are three groups of compound forms.
The English translation is "Ministry of Food and Agriculture: Satu Mare County Directorate General of Food and Agriculture". In linguistics , agglutination is a morphological process in which words are formed by stringing together morphemes (word parts), each of which corresponds to a single syntactic feature.
Present and future tenses also exist for such a mood in the above-mentioned languages, but, with the exception of the Albanian true nonconfirmative present illustrated above, these "nonconfirmatives, (from perfects), always have a past reference to either a real or a putative narrated event, speech event, or state of mind. They cannot be used ...
The "future tense" of perfective verbs is formed in the same way as the present tense of imperfective verbs. However, in South Slavic languages , there may be a greater variety of forms – Bulgarian , for example, has present, past (both "imperfect" and "aorist") and "future tenses", for both perfective and imperfective verbs, as well as ...
With modal verbs such as ht(j)eti (want) or moći (can), the infinitive is prescribed in Croatian, whereas the construction da (that/to) + present tense is preferred in Serbian and Montenegrin. This subjunctive of sorts is possibly an influence of the Balkan sprachbund. Again, both alternatives are present and allowed in Bosnian (the first one ...
Turkish "to be" as regular/auxiliary verb and "to be" as copula (imek) contrasts.. The auxiliary verb imek (i-is the root) shows its existence only through suffixes to predicates that can be nouns, adjectives or arguably conjugated verb stems, arguably being the only irregular verb in Turkish.