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Turkish grammar (Turkish: Türkçe dil bilgisi), as described in this article, is the grammar of standard Turkish as spoken and written by the majority of people in the Republic of Türkiye. Turkish is a highly agglutinative language , in that much of the grammar is expressed by means of suffixes added to nouns and verbs .
Turkish vocabulary is the set of words within the Turkish language. The language widely uses agglutination and suffixes to form words from noun and verb stems. Besides native Turkic words, Turkish vocabulary is rich in loanwords from Arabic , Persian , French and other languages.
The basic word order of Turkish is subject–object–verb. Turkish has no noun classes or grammatical gender. The language makes usage of honorifics and has a strong T–V distinction which distinguishes varying levels of politeness, social distance, age, courtesy or familiarity toward the addressee. The plural second-person pronoun and verb ...
Negative verb forms are grammatically required in Turkish phrases with negative pronouns or adverbs that impart a negative meaning on the whole phrase. For example, Hiçbir şeyim yok (literally, word for word, "Not-one thing-of-mine exists-not") means "I don't have anything".
In modern Turkish, nikâh is generally used for the wedding ceremony, while düğün is used for the wedding reception or party. نسبت nisbet * nispet: oran: ratio From the Old Turkic noun oran for "measure," "proportion" or "moderation." [1] نطق nutk * nutuk: söylev: speech Borrowed from Kazakh, where verbs end not in –mek/–mak, but ...
Turkish "to be" as regular/auxiliary verb and "to be" as copula (imek) contrasts. The auxiliary verb imek ( i- is the root ) shows its existence only through suffixes to predicates that can be nouns , adjectives or arguably conjugated verb stems , arguably being the only irregular verb in Turkish.
The word participle comes from classical Latin participium, [3] from particeps 'sharing, participation', because it shares certain properties of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. The Latin grammatical term is a calque of the Greek grammatical term μετοχή : metochē , 'participation, participle'.
Turkish words are said to have an accent on one syllable of the word. In most words the accent comes on the last syllable of the word, but there are some words, such as place names, foreign borrowings, words containing certain suffixes, and certain adverbs, where the accent comes earlier in the word.