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Iridoids are a type of monoterpenoids in the general form of cyclopentanopyran, found in a wide variety of plants and some animals. They are biosynthetically derived from 8-oxogeranial . [ 1 ] Iridoids are typically found in plants as glycosides , most often bound to glucose .
Iridoids can consist of ten, nine, or rarely eight carbons in which C11 is more frequently missing than C10. [6] Aucubin has 10 carbons with the C11 carbon missing. The stereochemical configurations at C5 and C9 lead to cis fused rings, which are common to all iridoids containing carbocyclic- or seco-skeleton in non-rearranged form. [ 6 ]
Later in 1969, catalpol was found to be present in larger quantities in several plants in genus Rehmannia (Orobanchaceae). [1] It is also found in plants belonging to several families, including, but not limited to, Scrophulariaceae , Lamiaceae (including scullcap [ 2 ] [ 3 ] ), Plantaginaceae ( Plantago sp [ 4 ] ) and Bignoniaceae , [ 5 ] all ...
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An alternative, unrelated biosynthesis pathway of IPP is known in some bacterial groups and the plastids of plants, the so-called MEP-(2-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate) pathway, which is initiated from C 5 sugars. In both pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase.
Recent research has also found that a diet filled with foods rich in flavonols — the bioactive compound found in plant-based foods — is associated with slower rates of cognitive decline.
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Harpagoside is a natural product found in the plant Harpagophytum procumbens, also known as devil's claw. [1] It is the active chemical constituent responsible for the medicinal properties of the plant, which have been used for centuries by the Khoisan people of southern Africa to treat diverse health disorders, including fever, diabetes, hypertension, and various blood related diseases.