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Average pressure during ascent = 15/10+1 = 2.5: bar Gas consumption during ascent = 40 x 2.5 x 3 = 300: litres Decompression stop for 6 minutes at 3 m: Pressure during stop = 3/10 + 1 = 1.3: bar Gas consumption at stop = 40 x 1.3 x 6 = 312: litres Total gas consumption = 320+300+312 = 932: litres A 10-litre cylinder is available: Pressure of ...
Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 101.325 kPa (1 atm). Since 1982, STP is defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of 100 kPa (1 bar). Conversions between each volume flow metric are calculated using the following formulas: Prior to 1982,
Climbers sometimes carried only two cylinders each. Four cylinders contained a total of 960 litres of oxygen, which would last for eight hours at the standard rate of 2 litres per minute or seven hours at 2.2 L/min. [32] The attempt on Everest by George Mallory and Andrew Irvine in 1924 was the first summit attempt using oxygen on Everest. [31]
The endurance of the cylinder can be calculated from the volume, pressure and breathing rate of the user. The formula: volume (in liters) × pressure (in bars) / 40 (litres per minute) - 10 minutes (the 10 minutes is a safety margin, or reserve), so a 6-liter cylinder, of 300 bar, is 6 × 300 / 40 - 10 = 35 minutes working duration.
An especially common rental cylinder provided at tropical dive resorts is the "aluminium-S80" which is an aluminum cylinder design with an internal volume of 0.39 cubic feet (11.0 L) rated to hold a nominal volume of 80 cubic feet (2,300 L) of atmospheric pressure gas at its rated working pressure of 3,000 pounds per square inch (207 bar). [9]
Heated humidified high-flow therapy, often simply called high flow therapy, is a type of respiratory support that delivers a flow of medical gas to a patient of up to 60 liters per minute and 100% oxygen through a large bore or high flow nasal cannula. Primarily studied in neonates, it has also been found effective in some adults to treat ...
In which pO 2 is the chosen maximum partial pressure in oxygen in bar and the FO 2 is the fraction of oxygen in the mixture. For example, if a gas contains 36% oxygen and the maximum pO 2 is 1.4 bar, the MOD (msw) is 10 msw/bar x [(1.4 bar / 0.36) − 1] = 28.9 msw.
Since 1982, STP has been defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 bar (100 kPa, 10 5 Pa). NIST uses a temperature of 20 °C (293.15 K, 68 °F) and an absolute pressure of 1 atm (14.696 psi, 101.325 kPa). [3] This standard is also called normal temperature and pressure (abbreviated as NTP).