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If Q 1 and Q 2 are matched, that is, have substantially the same device properties, and if the mirror output voltage is chosen so the collector-base voltage of Q 2 is also zero, then the V BE-value set by Q 1 results in an emitter current in the matched Q 2 that is the same as the emitter current in Q 1 [citation needed].
In MOSFET technology especially, cascoding can be used in current mirrors to increase the output impedance of the output current source. A modified version of the cascode can also be used as a modulator, particularly for amplitude modulation. The upper device supplies the audio signal, and the lower is the RF amplifier device. High-voltage stack
Fig. 1: Wilson current mirror Fig. 2: Wilson current source. There are three principal metrics of how well a current mirror will perform as part of a larger circuit. The first measure is the static error, i.e., the difference between the input and output currents expressed as a fraction of the input current.
One trick is to add a common-gate (current-follower) stage to make a cascode circuit. The current-follower stage presents a load to the common-source stage that is very small, namely the input resistance of the current follower (R L ≈ 1 / g m ≈ V ov / (2I D) ; see common gate). Small R L reduces C M. [2]
To design the mirror, the output current must be related to the two resistor values R 1 and R 2. A basic observation is that the output transistor is in active mode only so long as its collector-base voltage is non-zero. Thus, the simplest bias condition for design of the mirror sets the applied voltage V A to equal the base voltage V B.
Cascode Voltage Switch Logic (CVSL) refers to a CMOS-type logic family which is designed for certain advantages. It requires mainly N-channel MOSFET transistors to implement the logic using true and complementary input signals, and also needs two P-channel transistors at the top to pull one of the outputs high.
Specifically, the differential output current would now be proportional to the product of an arbitrary number of differential inputs (or some translinear function thereof). [4] However, the utility of this generalization in practical microelectronics settings is limited due to the large voltage headroom needed to keep all of the transistors in ...
Mask data preparation (MDP), also known as layout post processing, is the procedure of translating a file containing the intended set of polygons from an integrated circuit layout into set of instructions that a photomask writer can use to generate a physical mask. Typically, amendments and additions to the chip layout are performed in order to ...