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Jim Crow laws existed throughout the United States and originated from the Black Codes that were passed from 1865 to 1866 and from before the American Civil War. They mandated de jure segregation in all public facilities, with a supposedly "separate but equal" status for Americans of African descent. In reality, this led to treatment that was ...
In law and government, de jure (/ d eɪ ˈ dʒ ʊər i, d i-,-ˈ jʊər-/; Latin: [deː ˈjuːre]; lit. ' by law ' ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality.
Repeated attempts to resolve the border dispute have de jure failed, as no border treaty has been ratified. [70] The unratified agreement does, however, renounce Estonian claims to these lands, in addition to acknowledgements of the de facto situation by heads of state and government at various points.
The Adams–Onís Treaty (Spanish: Tratado de Adams-Onís) of 1819, [1] also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, [2] the Spanish Cession, [3] the Florida Purchase Treaty, [4] or the Florida Treaty, [5] [6] was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that ceded Florida to the U.S. and defined the boundary between the U.S. and Mexico ().
Other entities may have de facto control over a territory but lack international recognition; these may be considered by the international community to be only de facto states. They are considered de jure states only according to their own law and by states that recognise them. For example, Somaliland is commonly considered to be such a state.
Officially Biafra receives de jure acknowledgement of existence by only a few nations, but has the de facto support of France, Israel, Portugal, and South Africa which provide arms to the state in its war of independence against Nigeria. 1969 January 4 — Spain returns Ifni to Morocco. 1970 January 15 — Biafra is occupied and annexed by Nigeria.
The dispute de jure had come to an end in the aftermath of the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War with the signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol on January 29, 1942. However, this treaty was also questioned, and the two countries went to war on two more occasions: the Paquisha War in 1981, and the Cenepa War in 1995. Tensions subsided but persisted ...
De jure segregation was outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [12] In specific areas, however, segregation was barred earlier by the Warren Court in decisions such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned school segregation in the United States.