Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Shellfish poisoning includes four syndromes that share some common features and are primarily associated with bivalve molluscs (such as mussels, clams, oysters and scallops.) [1] As filter feeders, these shellfish may accumulate toxins produced by microscopic organisms, such as cyanobacteria, diatoms and dinoflagellates.
DSP and its symptoms usually set in within about half an hour of ingesting infected shellfish, and last for about one day. The causative poison is okadaic acid, which inhibits intestinal cellular dephosphorylation. [1] This causes the cells to become very water-permeable and the host to profusely defecate into a high risk of dehydration.
PSP affects those who come into contact with the affected shellfish by ingestion. [1] The toxins responsible for most shellfish poisonings—mainly saxitoxin, although several other toxins have been found, such as neosaxitoxin and gonyautoxins I to IV—are water-insoluble, and heat- and acid-stable. Therefore, ordinary cooking methods will not ...
Saxitoxin is a neurotoxin naturally produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates (Alexandrium sp., Gymnodinium sp., Pyrodinium sp.) and freshwater cyanobacteria (Dolichospermum cicinale sp., some Aphanizomenon spp., Cylindrospermopsis sp., Lyngbya sp., Planktothrix sp.) [1] [2] Saxitoxin accumulates in "planktivorous invertebrates, including mollusks (bivalves and gastropods ...
Okadaic acid, C 44 H 68 O 13, is a toxin produced by several species of dinoflagellates.It is known to accumulate in both marine sponges and shellfish. [1] One of the primary causes of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, okadaic acid is a potent inhibitor of specific protein phosphatases, and has a variety of negative effects on cells.
In this way they are similar to the nodularins (below), and together the microcystins and nodularins account for most of the toxic cyanobacterial blooms in fresh and brackish waters. [28] In 2010, a number of sea otters were poisoned by microcystin. Marine bivalves were the likely source of hepatotoxic shellfish poisoning. This was the first ...
Diagnosis of NSP is made based on clinical presentation as well as history findings including recent consumption of shellfish. On average, symptoms begin 3-4 hours after consumption, but can begin anywhere from several minutes to 18 hours afterward. [4] Symptoms typically include neurologic and gastrointestinal issues including: [4] [6] nausea ...
The symptoms of poisoning vary depending on substance, the quantity a dog has consumed, the breed and size of the mammal.A common list of symptoms are digestion problems, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or blood in stool; bruising and bleeding gums, nose, or inside the ear canal; behavioral changes, such as lethargy, hyperactivity, and seizures; unusual items found in the dog's stool.