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The list of organisms by chromosome count describes ploidy or numbers of chromosomes in the cells of various plants, animals, protists, and other living organisms.This number, along with the visual appearance of the chromosome, is known as the karyotype, [1] [2] [3] and can be found by looking at the chromosomes through a microscope.
One of the outcomes of plant reproduction is the generation of seeds, spores, and fruits [13] that allow plants to move to new locations or new habitats. [14] Plants do not have nervous systems or any will for their actions. Even so, scientists are able to observe mechanisms that help their offspring thrive as they grow.
Pears may be stored at room temperature until ripe. [57] Pears are ripe when the flesh around the stem gives to gentle pressure. [57] Ripe pears are optimally stored refrigerated, uncovered in a single layer, where they have a shelf life of 2 to 3 days. [57] Pears ripen at room temperature. Ripening is accelerated by the gas ethylene. [58]
Differences between plant and animal physiology and reproduction cause minor differences in how they evolve. One major difference is the totipotent nature of plant cells, allowing them to reproduce asexually much more easily than most animals. They are also capable of polyploidy – where more than two chromosome sets are inherited from the ...
Hybridization is an important means of speciation in plants, since polyploidy (having more than two copies of each chromosome) is tolerated in plants more readily than in animals. [ 80 ] [ 81 ] Polyploidy is important in hybrids as it allows reproduction, with the two different sets of chromosomes each being able to pair with an identical ...
Pyrus communis, the common pear, is a species of pear native to central and eastern Europe, and western Asia. [3]It is one of the most important fruits of temperate regions, being the species from which most orchard pear cultivars grown in Europe, North America, and Australia have been developed.
Robertsonian translocations are variations in the numbers of chromosomes that arise from either: the fusion of two acrocentric chromosomes into a single chromosome with two arms, causing a reduction in the haploid number, or conversely; or the fission of one chromosome into two acrocentric chromosomes, in this case increasing the haploid number ...
There is a possible connection between polyploidy (having more than two copies of one's chromosomes) and perenniality. [ 6 ] [ 24 ] One potential explanation is that both polyploids (larger in size) and asexual reproduction (common in perennials) tend to be selected for in inhospitable extremes of a species' distribution. [ 8 ]