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The EPFO's top decision-making body is the Central Board of Trustees (CBT), [2] [3] a statutory body established by the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions (EPF&MP) Act, 1952. [4] As of 2021, more than ₹ 15.6 lakh crore (US$209 billion) are under EPFO management.
Legally, the EPF is only obligated to provide 2.5% dividends (as per Section 27 of the Employees Provident Fund Act 1991). [8] The EPF claims that the lowered dividend is the result of its decision to invest in low-risk fixed revenue instruments, which produce lower returns but maintains the principal value of its members' contributions.
Liquidated damages, also referred to as liquidated and ascertained damages (LADs), [1] are damages whose amount the parties designate during the formation of a contract [2] for the injured party to collect as compensation upon a specific breach (e.g., late performance). [3] This is most applicable where the damages are intangible.
The type of claim giving rise to the damages, such as whether it is a breach of contract action or tort claim, can affect the rules or calculations associated with a given type of damages. [3] For example, consequential damages are a potential type of expectation damages that arise in contract law.
Reliance damages is the measure of compensation given to a person who suffered an economic harm for acting in reliance on a party who failed to fulfill their obligation. [1] If the injured party could go back in time, they should be indifferent to entering into the contract that would be breached and receiving the reliance damages as opposed to ...
Damages for breach of contract is a common law remedy, available as of right. [1] It is designed to compensate the victim for their actual loss as a result of the wrongdoer’s breach rather than to punish the wrongdoer. If no loss has been occasioned by the plaintiff, only nominal damages will be awarded.
The history of Provident Fund (PF) in Nepal dates back to 1934 when the PF scheme came into existence with the establishment of Sainik Drabya Kosh (Army Provident Fund) during the Rana Regime. [4] The scheme was initiated with the intentions of removing financial hardships to the army personnel after their retirement. Under the scheme, the army ...
Expectation damages are damages recoverable from a breach of contract by the non-breaching party. An award of expectation damages protects the injured party's interest in realising the value of the expectancy that was created by the promise of the other party.