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Baeyer–Drewson indigo synthesis; Baeyer–Villiger oxidation, Baeyer–Villiger rearrangement [12]; Bakeland process (Bakelite) Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement, Baker–Venkataraman transformation [13] [14] [15] [16]
Many specific reactions in organic chemistry are name reactions designated after their discoverers. One of the most industrially important reactions is the cracking of heavy hydrocarbons at oil refineries to create smaller, simpler molecules. This process is used to manufacture gasoline.
Organic reactions can also be classified by the type of bond to carbon with respect to the element involved. More reactions are found in organosilicon chemistry, organosulfur chemistry, organophosphorus chemistry and organofluorine chemistry. With the introduction of carbon-metal bonds the field crosses over to organometallic chemistry.
Reagents are "substances or compounds that are added to a system in order to bring about a chemical reaction or are added to see if a reaction occurs." [1] Some reagents are just a single element. However, most processes require reagents made of chemical compounds. Some of the most common ones used widely for specific reactive functions are ...
An example of a simple chain reaction is the thermal decomposition of acetaldehyde (CH 3 CHO) to methane (CH 4) and carbon monoxide (CO). The experimental reaction order is 3/2, [4] which can be explained by a Rice-Herzfeld mechanism. [5] This reaction mechanism for acetaldehyde has 4 steps with rate equations for each step :
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.
Redox reactions (see list of oxidants and reductants) Reduction; Reductive elimination; Reppe synthesis; Riley oxidation; Salt metathesis; Sarett oxidation; Sharpless epoxidation; Shell higher olefin process; Silylation; Simmons–Smith reaction; Sonogashira coupling; Staudinger reaction; Stille reaction; Sulfidation; Suzuki reaction ...
Substitution reactions in organic chemistry are classified either as electrophilic or nucleophilic depending upon the reagent involved, whether a reactive intermediate involved in the reaction is a carbocation, a carbanion or a free radical, and whether the substrate is aliphatic or aromatic. Detailed understanding of a reaction type helps to ...