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X-ray shoulder showing light bulb sign (left) in posterior shoulder dislocation. The image on the right was taken after reposition. The light bulb sign is a radiological finding observed on plain radiographs in the context of posterior shoulder dislocation. [1]
Anterior shoulder dislocation while carrying a frail elder. A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the glenoid fossa. [2] Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. [2] Complications may include a Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, or injury to the axillary nerve. [1]
Both before and after reduction, with lesions labeled. Vector (.svg) version is available. The bony Bankart lesion is new, as evidenced by lack of cortex on the superior part of the fragment, and is presumed to be caused by glenohumeral ligaments pulling the humerus towards the glenoid as the shoulder dislocates, causing a fracture even without significant external forces.
The mechanism which leads to shoulder dislocation is usually traumatic but can vary, especially if there is history of previous dislocations. Sports, falls, seizures, assaults, throwing, reaching, pulling on the arm, or turning over in bed can all be causes of anterior dislocation. [citation needed]
These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical (C5–C8), and first thoracic (T1) spinal nerves, and innervate the muscles and skin of the chest, shoulder, arm and hand. [1] [2] [3] Brachial plexus injuries can occur as a result of shoulder trauma (e.g. dislocation [4]), tumours, or inflammation, or obstetric.
The shoulder joint has a very loose joint capsule, which can sometimes predispose the shoulder to dislocate. [ citation needed ] The "U shaped" dependent portion of the axillary part of the capsule ,located between the anterior and posterior bands of inferior glenohumeral ligament, is called "axillary pouch".
The standard x-ray views of the shoulder include a true anterior-posterior view, a lateral (Y or outlet) view, and an axillary view. [13] A Velpeau view can be done as an alternative to the axillary view if an examinee is unable to position the shoulder for an appropriate image.
A Bankart lesion is a type of shoulder injury that occurs following a dislocated shoulder. [3] It is an injury of the anterior ( inferior ) glenoid labrum of the shoulder. [ 4 ] When this happens, a pocket at the front of the glenoid forms that allows the humeral head to dislocate into it.