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The kidneys are easily examined, and most pathological changes in the kidneys are distinguishable with ultrasound. US is an accessible, versatile inexpensive and fast aid for decision-making in patients with renal symptoms and for guidance in renal intervention. [1] Renal ultrasound (US) is a common examination, which has been performed for ...
For incidentally detected prenatal hydronephrosis, the first study to obtain is a postnatal renal ultrasound, since as noted, many cases of prenatal hydronephrosis resolve spontaneously. This is generally done within the first few days after birth, although there is some risk that obtaining an imaging study this early may miss some cases of ...
Ultrasound of the urinary tract involves the use of an ultrasound probe to image parts of the urinary tract. The urinary tract is the path that urine follows after it is formed within the kidneys , and involves a left and right ureter , the bladder , and the urethra .
Ureterovesicular junction obstruction (UVJ obstruction) is an obstruction at the level of the ureter and bladder. It accounts for 20% of cases of hydronephrosis detected in utero. It is also most commonly seen in males and involved both sides of the urinary tract in approximately 25% of cases. [1]
All males with recurrent UTIs (urinary tract infections) or abnormality on ultrasound if first UTI. Females < 3 years of age with their first UTI. Females < 5 years of age with febrile UTIs; Older females with pyelonephritis or recurrent UTIs; Suspected obstruction (e.g. bilateral hydronephrosis) Suspected bladder trauma or rupture
Upon presentation of decreased renal function, it is recommended to perform a history and physical examination, as well as performing a renal ultrasound and a urinalysis. [citation needed] The most relevant items in the history are medications, edema, nocturia, gross hematuria, family history of kidney disease, diabetes and polyuria.
Ultrasound imaging can give information on the shape of the bladder, post-void residual volume, and evidence of kidney damage such as kidney size, thickness or ureteral dilation. [9] Trabeculated bladder on ultrasound indicates high risk of developing urinary tract abnormalities such as hydronephrosis and stones. [10]
Abdominal ultrasound is of some benefit, but not diagnostic. Features that suggest posterior urethral valves are bilateral hydronephrosis, a thickened bladder wall with thickened smooth muscle trabeculations, and bladder diverticula. [citation needed] Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is more specific for the diagnosis.