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Subjective well-being (SWB) is a self-reported measure of well-being, typically obtained by questionnaire. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ed Diener developed a tripartite model of SWB in 1984, which describes how people experience the quality of their lives and includes both emotional reactions and cognitive judgments. [ 3 ]
Diener, also known as Dr. Happiness, is one of the lead researchers in the field of subjective well-being. Subjective well-being (SWB), as Diener et al. define it, is how people evaluate their lives – both at the moment and for longer periods such as for the past year. These evaluations include people's emotional reactions to events, their ...
Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligman's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on authentic happiness and P.E.R.M.A.
It encompasses various dimensions of well-being, including emotional, psychological, and social aspects. [6] [7] Life satisfaction is influenced by factors such as personal values, cultural background, economic conditions, and social relationships. [8] Life satisfaction is a key part of subjective well-being. Many factors influence subjective ...
[18] In this model, cognitive, affective, and contextual factors contribute to subjective well-being. [19] According to Diener and Suh, subjective well-being is "based on the idea that how each person thinks and feels about his or her life is important." [20] Carol Ryff's six-factor model of psychological well-being was first published in 1989.
Psychological well-being can also be affected negatively, as is the case with a degrading and unrewarding work environment, unfulfilling obligations and unsatisfying relationships. Social interaction has a strong effect on well-being as negative social outcomes are more strongly related to well-being than are positive social outcomes. [9]
Biswas-Diener has expanded on these approaches by creating a “multi-axial” approach to comprehensive diagnosis similar to the DSM Multi-axial Approach used in clinical psychology. His positive diagnosis model includes: Axis 1: Capacities (strengths and interests) Axis 2: Well-being (life satisfaction and psychological well-being)
Though extraversion and neuroticism seem to have the largest effect on personal happiness, other Big 5 [clarification needed] personality factors have also been shown to correlate with happiness and subjective well-being. For example, one study showed that conscientiousness and agreeableness correlated about 0.20 with subjective well-being. [106]