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Most phylogenetically advanced insects have two pairs of wings located on the second and third thoracic segments. [1]: 22–24 Insects are the only invertebrates to have developed flight capability, and this has played an important part in their success. Insect flight is not very well understood, relying on turbulent aerodynamic effects. The ...
The thoracic segments have one ganglion on each side, which are connected into a pair, one pair per segment. This arrangement is also seen in the abdomen but only in the first eight segments. Many species of insects have reduced numbers of ganglia due to fusion or reduction. [8]
All adult insects possess legs on the mesothorax. In some groups of insects, the mesonotum is hypertrophied, such as in Diptera , Hymenoptera , and Lepidoptera ), in which the anterior portion of the mesonotum (called the mesoscutum , or simply "scutum") forms most of the dorsal surface of the thorax.
Two thoracic segments are fused into the head; one thoracic segment is in the posterior tagma. Other kinds of copepod also have two tagmata but formed by different segments. The development of distinct tagmata is believed to be a feature of the evolution of segmented animals, especially arthropods. In the ancestral arthropod, the body was made ...
Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly.They are found on the second and third thoracic segments (the mesothorax and metathorax), and the two pairs are often referred to as the forewings and hindwings, respectively, though a few insects lack hindwings, even rudiments.
The notum (plural nota) is the dorsal portion of an insect's thoracic segment, or the dorsal surface of the body of nudibranch gastropods. The word "notum" is always applied to dorsal structures; in other words structures that are part of the back of an animal, as opposed to being part of the animal's ventral surface, or underside.
The remaining thoracic segments are the fused mesothorax and metathorax (together termed the synthorax), each with a pair of wings and a pair of legs. A dark stripe known as the humeral stripe runs from the base of the front wings to the second pair of legs, and just in front of this is the pale-coloured, antehumeral stripe. [5]
The metathorax is the segment that bears the hindwings in most winged insects, though sometimes these may be reduced or modified, as in the flies , in which they are reduced to form halteres, or flightless, as in beetles , in which they may be completely absent even though forewings are still present. All adult insects possess legs on the ...