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The Life Orientation Test (LOT) was designed by Scheier and Carver (1985) [full citation needed] to assess dispositional optimism – expecting positive or negative outcomes. [21] It is one of the more popular tests of optimism and pessimism. It was often used in early studies examining these dispositions' effects in health-related domains. [29]
Psychological and emotional well-being can be measured through Satisfaction With Life Scale [SWLS], Life Orientation Test-Revised [LOT-R], reports of positive emotion, and resilience measures. Further development of life skills can be measured through increased self-efficacy, and interpersonal skills, improved decision-making and problem-solving.
The test was re-standardized in 2001 using a sample of 3740 subjects from across post-reunification Germany; the re-standardized test controls for sex and age by placing an examinee in one of seven age- and sex-defined groups and scoring responses against sample members within the examinee's group. The test can be administered using pencil-and ...
The Life Orientation Inventory (LOI) is a self-report measure that comes in both a 30 question and 110 question form. Both forms use a 4-point Likert scale to answer items, which are divided into six sub-scales on the longer form: self-esteem vulnerability, over-investment, overdetermined misery, affective domination, alienation, and suicide ...
Minimal research was done until interest in the topic markedly increased when Gangestad and Simpson released their 5-item Sociosexual Orientation Inventory in 1991. [4] However, serious problems were found with the original scale with respect to sociosexuality as a single dimension, its sometimes low internal consistency, skewed score ...
A new addition to the validity scales for the MMPI-2-RF includes an over reporting scale of somatic symptoms (F S) as well as revised versions of the validity scales of the MMPI-2 (VRIN-r, TRIN-r, F-r, F P-r, FBS-r, L-r, and K-r). The MMPI-2-RF does not include the S or F B scales, and the F-r scale now covers the entirety of the test. [48]
In 2011, the instrument was revised and data was collected only on ages 3–6 years. Today, it is one of the oldest and most established intelligence measures of young children. Once the leading infant intelligence measure from the 1930s through the 1960s, the Gesell Developmental Schedule was nothing short of a breakthrough in infant ability ...
The revised RST reflects functional dependence of the systems; however, there are two competing hypotheses developed for testing RST predictions. The separable systems hypothesis (SSH) is defined by two independent systems, reward and punishment. [30]