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  2. Ideal gas law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law

    Isotherms of an ideal gas for different temperatures. The curved lines are rectangular hyperbolae of the form y = a/x. They represent the relationship between pressure (on the vertical axis) and volume (on the horizontal axis) for an ideal gas at different temperatures: lines that are farther away from the origin (that is, lines that are nearer to the top right-hand corner of the diagram ...

  3. Molien's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molien's_formula

    Precisely, it says: given a finite-dimensional complex representation V of G and = [] = ⁡ (), the space of homogeneous polynomial functions on V of degree n (degree-one homogeneous polynomials are precisely linear functionals), if G is a finite group, the series (called Molien series) can be computed as: [1]

  4. Shall and will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shall_and_will

    Their negations, shall not and will not, also have contracted forms: shan't and won't (although shan't is rarely used in North America, and is becoming rarer elsewhere too). See English auxiliaries and contractions. The pronunciation of will is / w ɪ l /, and that of won't is / w oʊ n t /.

  5. Nucleic acid notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_notation

    The nucleic acid notation currently in use was first formalized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1970. [1] This universally accepted notation uses the Roman characters G, C, A, and T, to represent the four nucleotides commonly found in deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA).

  6. Context-free grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Context-free_grammar

    V → aVbV | bVaV | ε. Here, the nonterminal T can generate all strings with more a's than b's, the nonterminal U generates all strings with more b's than a's and the nonterminal V generates all strings with an equal number of a's and b's. Omitting the third alternative in the rules for T and U does not restrict the grammar's language.

  7. Dual representation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_representation

    ρ*(g) is the transpose of ρ(g −1), that is, ρ*(g) = ρ(g −1) T for all gG. The dual representation is also known as the contragredient representation. If g is a Lie algebra and π is a representation of it on the vector space V, then the dual representation π* is defined over the dual vector space V* as follows: [3] π*(X) = −π ...

  8. Nucleic acid sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence

    The possible letters are A, C, G, and T, representing the four nucleotide bases of a DNA strand – adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine – covalently linked to a phosphodiester backbone. In the typical case, the sequences are printed abutting one another without gaps, as in the sequence AAAGTCTGAC, read left to right in the 5' to 3' direction.

  9. Telegrapher's equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegrapher's_equations

    All four change with frequency: R, and G tend to increase for higher frequencies, and L and C tend to drop as the frequency goes up. The figure at right shows a lossless transmission line, where both R and G are zero, which is the simplest and by far most common form of the telegrapher's equations used, but slightly unrealistic (especially ...