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The mixture of cannabinoids produced by a plant is known as the plant's cannabinoid profile. Selective breeding has been used to control the genetics of plants and modify the cannabinoid profile. For example, strains that are used as fiber (commonly called hemp ) are bred such that they are low in psychoactive chemicals like THC.
Cannabinoids (/ k ə ˈ n æ b ə n ɔɪ d z ˌ ˈ k æ n ə b ə n ɔɪ d z /) are compounds found in the cannabis plant or synthetic compounds that can interact with the endocannabinoid system. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The most notable cannabinoid is the phytocannabinoid tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (Delta-9-THC), the primary intoxicating compound in cannabis .
In vitro, CBG has identified pharmacodynamic actions and its mechanism of action appears to be from interactions with multiple targets. [1] [2] [3]CBG is a weak ligand of the cannabinoid CB 1 and CB 2 receptors with affinities (K i) of 380–2,600 nM and 153–3,460 nM, respectively.
It is now understood that cannabinoid receptors appear in similar forms in most vertebrates and invertebrates and have a long evolutionary history of 500 million years. The binding of cannabinoids to cannabinoid receptors decrease adenylyl cyclase activity, inhibit calcium N channels, and disinhibit K + A channels. There are at least two types ...
The production of the cannabinoids THC and CBD are a result of a series of chemical reactions, and are just two types of over a hundred that are known. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Inside the transcriptomes of glandular trichomes in the cannabis plant, the pathway for cannabinoid production takes place. [ 9 ]
In 2006, it was discovered that H4CBD has a binding affinity of 145 nM at the CB1 receptor and potential anti-inflammatory effects independent of its cannabinoid receptor action. [2] In contrast, CBD has been found to bind to the CB1 receptor as an inverse agonist/antagonist with a K i ranging from 3.3 to 4.8 mM.
The Δ 8 isomer is known as a synthetic cannabinoid under the code name JWH-130, [7] and the ring-opened analogue cannibidibutol (CBDB) is also known. [8] THC-Butyl can be synthesized from 4-butylresorcinol .
[6] [5] [7] [8] [9] According to the pain-relieving effects of this natural cannabinoid, it can be helpful to treat patients who were undergoing drug exposure like chemotherapy or radiation therapy. [10] [9] In addition, cannabigerol metabolism increases and has a better absorption from the body when paired with cannabigerovarin. [11]