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The antenna pigments are predominantly chlorophyll b, xanthophylls, and carotenes. Chlorophyll a is known as the core pigment. Their absorption spectra are non-overlapping and broaden the range of light that can be absorbed in photosynthesis. The carotenoids have another role as an antioxidant to prevent photo-oxidative damage of chlorophyll ...
In this way, the cells take advantage of the available wavelengths of light (in the 500–650 nm range), which are inaccessible to chlorophyll, and utilize their energy for photosynthesis. This is particularly advantageous deeper in the water column , where light with longer wavelengths is less transmitted and therefore less available directly ...
The antenna-shaped light harvesting complex of cyanobacteria, glaucocystophyta, and red algae is known as the phycobilisome which is composed of linear tetrapyrrole pigments. Pigment-protein complexes referred to as R-phycoerythrin are rod-like in shape and make up the rods and core of the phycobilisome. [ 16 ]
Photosystem II is present on the thylakoid membranes inside chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis in green plants. [9] The structure of Photosystem II is remarkably similar to the bacterial reaction center, and it is theorized that they share a common ancestor. The core of Photosystem II consists of two subunits referred to as D1 and D2 ...
A chlorosome is a photosynthetic antenna complex found in green sulfur bacteria (GSB) and many green non-sulfur bacteria (GNsB), together known as green bacteria. [2] They differ from other antenna complexes by their large size and lack of protein matrix supporting the photosynthetic pigments.
Each photosystem has two parts: a reaction center, where the photochemistry occurs, and an antenna complex, which surrounds the reaction center. The antenna complex contains hundreds of chlorophyll molecules which funnel the excitation energy to the center of the photosystem. At the reaction center, the energy will be trapped and transferred to ...
Natural light harvesting complexes contain proteins that combine through self-assembly with effective donor chromophores in order to promote light harvesting and energy transfer during photosynthesis; synthetic peptides can be designed to have optoelectronic properties that mimic this phenomenon in natural light harvesting complexes. [19]
This is one of two core processes in photosynthesis, and it occurs with astonishing efficiency (greater than 90%) because, in addition to direct excitation by light at 680 nm, the energy of light first harvested by antenna proteins at other wavelengths in the light-harvesting system is also transferred to these special chlorophyll molecules.