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Bioarchaeology (osteoarchaeology, osteology or palaeo-osteology [1]) in Europe describes the study of biological remains from archaeological sites. In the United States it is the scientific study of human remains from archaeological sites.
Bioarchaeology stems from the practice of human osteology which is the anatomical study of skeletal remains. [1] Mortuary archaeology, as well as the overarching field it resides in, aims to generate an understanding of disease, migration, health, nutrition, gender , status, and kinship among past populations. [ 1 ]
A set of mammal bones which may be from several specimens. In various archaeological disciplines including archaeology, forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology and zooarchaeology, the number of identified specimens (also number of individual specimens or number of individual species), or NISP, is defined as the number of identified specimens for a specific site.
In disciplines including forensic anthropology, bioarchaeology, osteoarchaeology, Paleontology and zooarchaeology Minimum number of individuals, or MNI, refers to the fewest possible number of people or animals in a skeletal assemblage. It is used to determine an estimate of how many people or animals are present in a cluster of bones.
Bioarchaeology – Sub-discipline of archaeology; Chronological dating – Methods for estimating a realistic date for an event or object; Classical archaeology – Sub-discipline of archaeology; Computational archaeology – Archaeological sub-discipline; Conservation and restoration of archaeological sites – Process in archaeology
Researchers in bioarchaeology combine the skill sets of human osteology, paleopathology, and archaeology, and often consider the cultural and mortuary context of the remains. Evolutionary biology is the study of the evolutionary processes that produced the diversity of life on Earth , starting from a single common ancestor .
Archaeobiology, the study of the biology of ancient times through archaeological materials, is a subspecialty of archaeology.It can be seen as a blanket term for paleobotany, animal osteology, zooarchaeology, microbiology, and many other sub-disciplines.
Archaeological subfields are typically characterised by a focus on a specific method, type of material, geographical, chronological, or other thematic categories. Among academic disciplines, archaeology, in particular, often can be found in cross-disciplinary research due to the inherent multidisciplinary and geographical nature of the field in general.