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Bureaucracy (/ b j ʊəˈr ɒ k r ə s i /; bure-OK-rə-see) is a system of organization where decisions are made by a body of non-elected officials. [1] Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. [2]
A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government. The term bureaucrat derives from "bureaucracy", which in turn derives from the French "bureaucratie" first known from the 18th century. [1]
Large international organisation bureaucratic structure: the League of Nations in 1930 [6] Weber (1948, p. 214) gives the analogy that “the fully developed bureaucratic mechanism compares with other organizations exactly as does the machine compare with the non-mechanical modes of production.
Definition Adhocracy: Rule by a government based on relatively disorganized principles and institutions as compared to a bureaucracy, its exact opposite. Anocracy: A regime type where power is not vested in public institutions (as in a normal democracy) but spread amongst elite groups who are constantly competing with each other for power.
The president appoints the commissioners or board members, subject to Senate confirmation, but they often serve terms that are staggered and longer than a four-year presidential term, [9] meaning that most presidents will not have the opportunity to appoint all the commissioners of a given independent agency.
Street-level bureaucracy is the subset of a public agency or government institution where the civil servants work who have direct contact with members of the general public. Street-level civil servants carry out and/or enforce the actions required by a government's laws and public policies , in areas ranging from safety and security to ...
Meanwhile, we risk seeing AI as a quick fix for bureaucratic complexity, rolling out automated decision-making tools that can inadvertently perpetuate bias or reduce accountability.
Bureaucratic drift in American political science is a theory that seeks to explain the tendency for bureaucratic agencies to create policy that deviates from the original mandate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The difference between a bureaucracy's enactment of a law and the legislature's intent is called bureaucratic drift.