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The extraction of minerals from the Earth dates back to the Ancient Egyptians' mining of copper in 3000 BCE. [23] Mining for ancient civilizations was often extremely dangerous involving the use of stone tools or hands for excavation. [23] By the Middle Ages, stone tools were replaced by explosives, black powder, to break-up larger rock ...
Industrial resources (minerals) are geological materials that are mined for their commercial value, which are not fuel (fuel minerals or mineral fuels) and are not sources of metals (metallic minerals) but are used in the industries based on their physical and/or chemical properties. [1]
Mineral economics [′min·rəl ‚ek·ə′näm·iks] is specially concerned with the analysis and understanding of mineral distribution as well as the ‘discovery, exploitation, and marketing of minerals’. [2] Mineral economics is an academic discipline which constructs policies regarding mineral commodities and their global distribution.
The water was used for a variety of purposes, including removing overburden and rock debris, called hydraulic mining, as well as washing comminuted, or crushed, ores and driving simple machinery. The Romans used hydraulic mining methods on a large scale to prospect for the veins of ore, especially using a now-obsolete form of mining known as ...
Bauxite forms by the weathering of aluminum-rich and silica-poor rocks in hot, humid, climates, at places with good drainage. Under the proper conditions, weathering disintegrates the aluminium silicate minerals, and dissolves and removes the silica, creating bauxite. The mined US bauxite deposits have all been in the southeastern United States.
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic and industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences; according to Lindgren (1933) it is “the application of geology”.
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The main source of the minerals comes from the volcanic rocks through which the sea water flows, taking with it the minerals of the volcanic rock. The sea water is heated, convection currents are formed and they ascend carrying the minerals which are discharged at the bottom of the sea or immediately below the surface in the form of black smokers.