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Compliance is the ability of lungs and thorax to expand. Lung compliance is defined as the volume change per unit of pressure change across the lung. Measurements of lung volume obtained during the controlled inflation/deflation of a normal lung show that the volumes obtained during deflation exceed those during inflation, at a given pressure.
Lung surfactant (LS) is a surface-active material produced by most air-breathing animals for the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the water layer where gas exchange occurs in the lungs, given that the movements due to inhalation and exhalation may cause damage if there is not enough energy to sustain alveolar structural integrity.
Surfactant therapy is the medical administration of pulmonary surfactant that is derived from outside of the body. Pulmonary surfactant is a soap-like chemical synthesized by type II alveolar pneumocytes and is of various lipids (80% phospholipids, 5-10% cholesterol, and ∼10% surfactant-associated proteins).
Surfactant protein B is an essential lipid-associated protein found in pulmonary surfactant.Without it, the lung would not be able to inflate after a deep breath out. [5] It rearranges lipid molecules in the fluid lining the lung so that tiny air sacs in the lung, called alveoli, can more easily inflate.
The function of this complex is to reduce surface tension in the alveoli and prevent their collapse during expiration. The protein component of surfactant helps in the modulation of the innate immune response, and inflammatory processes. Alveolar sac region of the lung - TEM. SP-A1 is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins.
The protein component of surfactant helps in the modulation of the innate immune response, and inflammatory processes. [7] Alveolar sac region of the lung - TEM. SP-A2 is a member of a subfamily of C-type lectins called collectins. Together with (surfactant protein A1 ) SP-A1, they are the most abundant proteins of pulmonary surfactant.
In molecular biology, Pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D) is a protein domain predominantly found in lung surfactant. This protein plays a special role; its primary task is to act as a defence protein against any pathogens that may invade the lung. It also plays a role in lubricating the lung and preventing it from collapse.
Pulmonary surfactant may be isolated from the lungs of cows or pigs or made artificially. [1] [3] [4] Pulmonary surfactant was discovered in the 1950s and a manufactured version was approved for medical use in the United States in 1990. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [5]