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Japanese verb conjugations are independent of person, number and gender (they do not depend on whether the subject is I, you, he, she, we, etc.); the conjugated forms can express meanings such as negation, present and past tense, volition, passive voice, causation, imperative and conditional mood, and ability.
In the case of the past-tense and te forms of conjugation, the 'invariant' stem changes such that the consonant is removed from all godan verbs (except verbs ending in "つ" (tsu) or "す" (su)). This means the defining characteristic of consonant stem verbs cannot be used to define consonant stem verbs for the past-tense or te forms. The true ...
禁じる kin-jiru – -zuru verbs have an associated -jiru form, which is the more common form in modern Japanese; Additionally, the 〜る can be dropped accordingly (except for the 〜じる forms): 愛す ai-su; 達す tas-su; 禁ず kin-zu; These する／す／ず forms may be conjugated in various ways, particularly in less common forms.
Verbs are conjugated, primarily for tense and voice, but not person. Japanese adjectives are also conjugated. Japanese has a complex system of honorifics with verb forms and vocabulary to indicate the relative status of the speaker, the listener, and persons mentioned. In language typology, it has many features different from most European ...
The verbal morphology of the Kagoshima dialects is heavily marked by numerous distinctive phonological processes, as well as both morphological and lexical differences.The following article deals primarily with the changes and differences affecting the verb conjugations of the central Kagoshima dialect, spoken throughout most of the mainland and especially around Kagoshima City, though notes ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
Unlike tú, which has many irregular forms, the only voseo verbs that are conjugated irregularly in the indicative present are ser, ir and haber. However, haber is seldom used in the indicative present, since there is a strong tendency to use preterite instead of present perfect .
Tense and aspect were indicated by suffixes attached to the infinitive. [135] The tense suffixes were: the simple past -ki 1 (conclusive), -si (adnominal), -sika (exclamatory). [169] [170] The variation may indicate an origin in multiple forms. [171] the modal past or retrospective -ke 1 r-, a fusion of the simple past with ar-'exist'. [172] [173]